Pale (minimalistic language without pronouns)
Posted: Wed Apr 06, 2011 4:26 pm
This language was deeply inspired by Japanese. I love how simple the Japanese sentences are, and how they leave out pronouns sometimes. I figured it would be great to have a minimalistic language without pronouns, since they rely on context anyway. Besides, if there absolutely needs to be less ambiguous, we can use names. Thanks to this, this gave much more space for adding words and I was able to construct the word list according to The Swadesh List. Not every word is in the word list but I kept compounding in mind...
The language is only 100 words and has so many different concepts.
Phonology
I wanted to go outside but rain (was pouring).
pa nesa mosa te se laka (pa e te).
did want move out but water (did be out).
I want to go outside.
nesa mosa te.
want go out
Do you want to go outside?
nesa mosa te ka.
want go out ?
Please, go outside.
o mosa te.
polite, go out.
Melissa
melesa mana
melesa person
Ms. Melissa
o melesa mana
polite melesa person
Look!
o oko [both of the o's are distinguished like "oh-oh-KO"]
polite look
I wish that you would be here by my side.
e ko na lato e nesa.
[you] be here at [my] side is [the] desire.
What do you want?
ke nesa.
what want.
how may I help you? (literally: What do you want? - but said in a polite way)
o ke nesa.
polite what want.
When I grow up, I want to be a doctor.
nesa e pase mana pona mana tenpo no kana.
want be make person good person time no young. (Time is also "when", so "mana tenpo" or "mana na tenpo" is good)
My fault! My bad!
no pona.
no good.
I apologize. please excuse me.
o no pona.
polite no good.
Thank You! You're Welcome!
o
I want to be a good person.
nesa e pona mana.
talk, language, speech
pale
this language, Pale
ko pale
this language (referring to something other than Pale)
ko (language) pale.
Anyway, What do you think?
The language is only 100 words and has so many different concepts.
Phonology
Word List10 Letters (7 Consonants, 3 Vowels)
a - a, schwa
e - e, i
k - k, g
l - l, r
m
n
o - o, u
p - p, b, v, f
s - s, z, h, sh
t - t, d
[Consonant] - Vowel - Consonant - Vowel
* No capital letters
* Adjectives before nouns
* tenpo ______ po _____ = If _____ Then ______
* day one = sunday, one day = 1 day; month one = January, one month = 1 month
* All foreign names are spelled phonetically and are adapted as adjectives
* Accent falls on the last syllable of a word
* ke is only used as an adjective (example: what person?) or at start of sentence (example: what is it?)
* ka (question mark), doesn't have to be used in a "ke" sentence, but it is allowed if wanted
Etymologygood, yes, moral, help, bless, blessing, worship, support, heal, fix, peace (hello/bye), enjoyable: pona
question particle (?): ka
what, which: ke
male, masculine, masculinity, masculinize: maso
female, feminine, femininity, feminize: peme
offspring, baby, child, new, young: kana
control, law, govern, government, rule: sanpo
people, nation, country, tribe (race), network, society, social, public: pope
polite word (please, thank you, you're welcome, excuse me, I apologize): o
stupid, drunk, crazy, weird, insult word (dumb ass!), annoyance word (damn it!): paka
say, talk, speak, speech, language, mouth, oral: pale
zero, no, not, none, nothing: no
one, single, alone, lonely, solitude: lo
two, pair, couple, double, in a relationship: to
three, triple: ta
many, much, very, a lot, more, quantity, number, count: mote
and, also, plus, in addition: mo
sun, solar, date, day: sola
moon, satellite, lunar, month: luna
circle, wheel, cycle, process, system, orbit, year, age: seko
time, period, season, moment, minute: tenpo
future, will (verb), next, then, after: po
past, did (verb), before, previous: pa
tool, machine, device, computer: tole
Earth, planet, ground, land, soil, dust, sand, clay: tela
room, place, location, area: loko
medicine, drug, vitamin, mineral: mete
need, want, goal, purpose, star, desire, wish, pray, lust: nesa
neck, swallow, consume, eat, drink, meal, food: kome
sleep, dream: sone
sex, have intercourse, sexual, gender, sexual organ (penis, vagina): sesa
smoke (verb), cook, burn, heat, temperature, hot, fire: poka
cost, price, value, money, cash, currency, financial: kosa
(credit) card, paper, ticket, leaf, page, website: leta
shop, store, market, week: poteka
bread, potato, paste, rice, noodles, cereal: pane
meat, body, flesh, physical, form, shape, figure: kane
milk, dairy, breast (milk-secreting glandular organ): late
vegetable, fruit, vegetation, plant (tree, grass, herb), hair: panta
salt, sodium, salinity: sale
sweet, sugar, sweets, candy: soka
water, rain, wash, clean liquid, fluid: laka
move, travel, journey, foot: mosa
can (able), talent, skill, technique, ability, enable, allow, accept: pote
different, other, another, edit, alter, change: ate
up, above, high, beyond, go upon (climb, move up), superior, formal, sky, heaven: sopa
speed, quick, fast, hurry, rush: lape
home, house, family, building: pamela
hold, carry, have, keep, maintain, to book (reserve), hand, pause, wait, halt: mase
front, ahead, face, head: kape
this, here, now, current, present, modern: ko
person, human, individual: mana
weather, air, wind, breeze, gas, fog, cloud: kase
big, main, important, major, grand, great: kopa
mountain, hill, bump, button, lump: monte
path, way, method, road, street, direction: paso
image, picture, drawing, symbol, character, draw, write, inscribe: poto
root, seed, semen, egg, nut, begin, start, source, primal: sato
animal, organism: tonko
skin, peel, mask, cloth, clothing, shell, bark: pele
bone, rock, stone, spike, thorn, spine: peta
fat, thick, heavy, weigh, mass: pesa
ear, hear, listen, obey, listening (music, melody, sound, tone): kote
eye, see, view, show (exhibition, TV program, video, movie), visual, watch, look at: oko
nose, lung, smell, scent, breathe, breath: naso
tongue, taste, flavor, pattern, style: sapo
belly, stomach, container, holder, box, cart, bag: sako
heart, feel, emotion: sente
suck, attract, take, pull, obtain, bring, capture: toma
detract (repel), explode (throw), waste (pollution), trash, release (free), send (give), to pee, to doodoo: lansa
brain, mind, think, thought, opinion, belief: pensa
know, logic, science, wisdom: sape
live, life, health, experience: sana
kill, dead, delete, destroy, erase, remove, get rid of, subtract: mata
fight, battle, conflict, argument, war, problem, trouble: sota
hit, attack, strike, beat, smash, mash, tap, press: pate
piece, part, cut, split, fraction, divide: kata
fun, play, game, amusement, entertainment: lota
white, light, color, bright, shine, day time: lome
all, every, each, full, total, complete (whole), entire, universe, universal: tota
straight, narrow, direct, exact, accurate, strict, line, linear, string, rope, thread, chord, wire: lena
at, to, for (in the direction of): na
in, inside, inner, internal, interior: ne
outside, foreign, alien, out, of, from: te
strong, strength, energy, power, force, spirit, encourage, inspire, charge (with energy): tama
opening, hole, orifice, door, gate, portal, window: pota
side, next to, beside, near, nearby, about (approximately): lato
do, make, act, behave, deed, work, labor, job, cause, create: pase
happen, news, effect (result): pasa
connect, join, marry, link, relationship, relate, mix, with, together: leka
true, real, exist, prove, make true, validate: e
love, care for: lama
some, plural: ma
name, title, concept, to name, idea: nome
because: sa
but, however: se
use, apply, utilize, usage, application: losa
or, nor, else, otherwise, or else: a
so, thus, therefore, that's why: so
rear-end, butt, bottom, buttocks, ass, anus, anal: ponta
Example Sentences:o - Japanese (o)
e - Latin (est)
ka - Japanese (ka)
ke - Latin (quid)
na - Portuguese (na)
ne - Japanese (ni)
te - Latin (de)
mo - Japanese (mo)
no - Latin (non)
lo - Italian (l'uno)
to - Latin (duo)
ta - French (trois)
so - English (so)
sa - Tagalog (sa)
se - Latin (sed)
ma - Tagalog (mga)
a - Albanian (a)
tonko - Mandarin (dong wu)
sato - Latin (satus)
mote - Latin (multi)
pona - Latin (bona)
maso - Spanish (macho)
peme - Spanish (feminine)
kana - Indonesian (kanak)
sanpo - Mandarin (zhengfu)
pope - Latin (populi)
pale - French (parler)
sola - English (solar)
luna - Latin (luna)
seko - Latin (circus)
tenpo - Latin (tempus)
ko - Japanese (kon)
po - Latin (post)
pa - English (past)
tole - English (tool)
tela - Latin (terra)
loko - Latin (locus)
mete - English (medi-)
nesa - English (nece-)
kome - Spanish (come)
sone - Latin (somni)
sesa - Latin (sexus)
poka - Romanian (foc)
kosa - Romanian (costa)
leta - English (letter)
poteka - Latin (apotheco)
pane - Latin (pane)
kane - Latin (carnis)
late - Italian (latte)
panta - Latin (planta)
sale - Latin (salio)
soka - Arabic (sukkar)
laka - Italian (l'acqua)
mosa - Italian (mossa)
pote - Latin (potens)
ate - Latin (alter)
sopa - Latin (super)
lape - English (rapid)
pamela - Latin (familia)
mase - Japanese (machi)
kape - Romanian (cap)
mana - Latin (humana)
kase - Japanese (kaze)
kopa - Swahili (kubwa)
monte - Latin (monte)
paso - Spanish (paso)
poto - English (photo)
pele - Latin (pellis)
peta - Latin (petra)
pesa - Spanish (pesado)
kote - Latin (ausculto)
oko - Latin (oculus)
naso - Latin (nasus)
sapo - Latin (sapor)
sako - Latin (saccus)
sente - Latin (sentire)
toma - Spanish (toma)
lansa - Romanian (lansa)
pensa - Spanish (pensar)
sape - Latin (saper)
sana - Spanish (sana)
mata - Spanish (matar)
sota - Finnish (sota)
pate - Italian (batte)
kata - English (cut)
lota - Latin (ludus)
lome - Latin (lumen)
tota - Latin (tota)
lena - Latin (linea)
tama - Japanese (tama)
pota - Latin (porta)
lato - Latin (latus)
pase - Latin (facere)
pasa - Spanish (pasar)
leka - Romanian (lega)
lama - Italian (l'amare)
nome - Latin (nomen)
losa - Spanish (usar)
paka - Japanese (baka)
ponta - Portuguese (bunda)
I wanted to go outside but rain (was pouring).
pa nesa mosa te se laka (pa e te).
did want move out but water (did be out).
I want to go outside.
nesa mosa te.
want go out
Do you want to go outside?
nesa mosa te ka.
want go out ?
Please, go outside.
o mosa te.
polite, go out.
Melissa
melesa mana
melesa person
Ms. Melissa
o melesa mana
polite melesa person
Look!
o oko [both of the o's are distinguished like "oh-oh-KO"]
polite look
I wish that you would be here by my side.
e ko na lato e nesa.
[you] be here at [my] side is [the] desire.
What do you want?
ke nesa.
what want.
how may I help you? (literally: What do you want? - but said in a polite way)
o ke nesa.
polite what want.
When I grow up, I want to be a doctor.
nesa e pase mana pona mana tenpo no kana.
want be make person good person time no young. (Time is also "when", so "mana tenpo" or "mana na tenpo" is good)
My fault! My bad!
no pona.
no good.
I apologize. please excuse me.
o no pona.
polite no good.
Thank You! You're Welcome!
o
I want to be a good person.
nesa e pona mana.
talk, language, speech
pale
this language, Pale
ko pale
this language (referring to something other than Pale)
ko (language) pale.
Anyway, What do you think?