janMato wrote:Here is a draft Swadesh list. I was surprised how much gutter talk there was on the Swadesh list. Some words are rated R. Many words take a phrase or entire sentence to build up and after you built it, you won't find a place to plug it on account of not having subordinate clauses. Generating multi-word verbs is still a black art. I don't trust my multi word verb phrases.
I - mi
you (singular) - sina
he - ona
we - mi, mi mute, mi ale
you (plural)- sina, sina mute, sina ale, sina suli (in the indo-european sense of honorific-you)
they- ona mute
this- ni
that - ni ante
here - ma ni, ni
there - ni ante (?)
who - seme, jan seme
what - seme, ijo seme
where -seme, ma seme
when- seme, tenpo seme
how- seme, kepeken seme
not - ale, ali
all - ala
many- mute
some - ale mute
few- lili, nanpa lili
other- ante
one - wan
two - tu
three - tu wan
four - tu tu
five - luka, tu tu wan
big - suli, mute
long - linja mute (?)
wide - mute, lipu mute
thick - mute
heavy - mute
small - lili
short - lili
narrow - lili
thin - linja lili
woman - meli
man (adult male) - meji
Man (human being) - jan
child - jan lili
wife - meli
husband - meji
mother - jan mam meli
father - jan mama meji
animal- soweli, akesi
fish - kala, li kala, li pali kala, li pali e kali
bird - waso
dog - soweli
louse - pipi, pipi lili, pipi lili pi linja lawa
snake - akesi linja
worm - akesi linja pi ko ma
tree - kasi suli
forest - kasi suli pi nanpa mute
stick - palisa, li wan lon lipu (like glue)
fruit - kili, li pana e kili
seed - unpa pi pan kasi, li pana e kasi sin
leaf - lipu kasi, li pana e lipu kasi
root - noka kasi, li alisa anpa kasi suli
bark - selo pi kasi suli, li toki sama soweli pi tomo jan
flower- ilo unpa pi kasi kule, li pana e ilo unpa pi kasi kuli
grass - kasi linja laso jelo, ijo nasa pi kasi lipu nasa
rope- linja, li kama jo kepeken linja
skin- selo, selo jan, li weka e selo soweli
meat - moku pi soweli moli
blood - telo loje, telo loje pi sijelo insa
bone - kiwen pi sitelen insa, li unpa
fat (n.) - moku pi wawa mute, ilo poka pi sijelo insa
egg - poki walo
horn- ilo utala pi lawa akesi
tail - linja monsi
feather- ilo tawa pi sijelo walo
hair - linja, linja lawa
head- lawa
ear- kute
eye- oko, li lukin
nose- nena sinpin, li pilin kepeken nena sinpin (to touch/feel with the nose)
mouth- uta, uta lawa, uta sinpin, li pilin kepeken uta sinpin
tooth- kiwen pi uta lawa, kiwen walo pi uta lawa
tongue- ilo toki pi uta lawa
fingernail- ilo kepeken ala pi luka jan
foot - noka, pini noka
leg - noka
knee- noka insa, li utala kepeken noka insa
hand- pini luka, li pana
wing - luka walo, li pali kepeken sona ala (to wing it)
belly- sijelo insa
guts- ilo jaki pi sijelo insa
neck- anpa lawa, li unpa kepeken uta lon anpa lawa (to neck)
back- monsi, monsi sewi, li pana e mani tawa esun (to back an enterprise)
breast- neni, neni meli, sinpin pi sijelo meji
heart- insa, ilo tawa pi telo loje pi sijelo insa
liver- ilo pi kepeken sona ala pi sijelo insa
drink- li moku (verb), telo (noun)
eat- li moku
bite- li moku
suck- moku kin e kon, moku kin e telo
spit- li pana e telo tan uta (?)
vomit- li pana e moku tan uta (?)
blow- li pana e kon tan uta (?), li unpa e palisa meji kepeken uta sinpin
breathe- li moku e kon
laugh- li a a a, li toki e a a a,
see- li lukin
hear- li kute
know- li sona
think- li sona
smell- li sona e kon
fear- li pilin wili ala ???
sleep- li lape
live- li lon, li ali (but even though "li ali" is/was in the cannon, if find in hard to read)
die- li moli, intransitive
kill- li moli e (somthing), transitive
fight- utala
hunt- alasa
hit- ??
cut- li weka
split- li tu
stab- li pakala kepeken palisa
scratch- li pana e linja kepeken ilo
dig- li uta, li pali e uta, li pana e uta
swim- li tawa lon telo
fly (v.)- li tawa kepeken ilo waso
walk- li tawa
come- li kama
lie- li kama e sijelo lon ma
sit- li kama e monsi lon ma
stand- li kama ala (not go anwhere), ??? (stand on two feet)
turn- ??
fall- ??
give- li pana
hold- li jo
squeeze- li jo kin kepeken luka
rub- ??
wash- li telo
wipe- li telo kepeken len
pull- ??
push- ??
throw- li weka
tie - li kama awen kepeken linja
sew- li pali kepeken linja len, li kama awen kepeken linja len,
count- li toki e nanpa
say- li toki
sing- li toki musi
play- li musi
float- li tawa sewi telo
flow- li tawa, li tawa sama telo
freeze- li lete, li lete pini
swell- li pona e sijelo
sun- suno
moon- mun
star- suno pi ma ante
water- telo
rain- telo pi sewi laso, telo lili pi suli laso, telo oko pi jan sewi, telo jaki pi jan sewi
river- telo linja
lake- telo pi ma uta, telo tawa ala pi ma uta
sea- telo mute, telo suli
salt- ijo walo pi telo suli
stone- kiwen, li kiwen
sand- kiwen lili lili
dust- kiwen jaki lili lili
earth- ma, ma suli
cloud- kon, kon telo, kon telo walo
fog- kon telo pi kule mun
sky- suli laso
wind- kon, kon tawa
snow- kiwen telo pi suli laso, kiwen pi telo jelo pi jan suli
ice- kiwen telo
smoke- kon pimeja, li moku e palisi moli
fire - seli, li seli
ashes- ilo pi kule mun pi seli moli
burn- li pakala kepeken seli
road- nasin, linja tawa
mountain- ma neni
red- loje
green- laso jelo / jelo laso
yellow- jelo
white- walo
black- pimeja
night- tenpo pimeja, tenpo pi suno ala, tenpo mun
day- tenpo suno
year- tenpo pi suno sike
warm- li seli
cold- lape
full- ???
new- sin
old- sin ala
good- pona
bad- ike
rotten- moku kepeken akesi mute lili lili
dirty- jaki
straight- ???, unpa ante
round- sike
sharp- sama ilo sin pi kama tu
dull- sama ilo pakala pi kama tu
smooth- sama lipu
wet- kepeken telo lon selo
dry- li jo ala e telo
correct- pona, li pona
near- lon ni
far- lon ni ala
right- luka ante (if you can't tell anyhow), poka mi/poka sina (e.g. if in a car), nasin pi jan mani
left- luka ante (if you can't tell anyhow), poka mi/poka sina (e.g. if in a car), nasin pi jan pali
at- lon (but varies depending on grammatical construction)
in- lon (but varies depending on grammatical construction)
with- kepeken (but varies depending on grammatical construction)
and- en (but varies depending on grammatical construction)
if- la (but varies depending on grammatical construction)
because- tan (but varies depending on grammatical construction)
name- nimi, nimi ilo, nimi jan, nimi toki, etc.
I have seen "sike walo" a lot for egg.
btw meji should be mije, & "luka walo" should be "luka waso".
Yes, I realize this is a very old post.